2022/12/17

重要歷史

粉紅浪潮

西元1990 年 ~至今

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基本資料

二戰之前,拉丁美洲各國在美國的看照下長大。美國扶持了一些右派軍事獨裁政權,雖然帶來自由風氣和資本主義,但也引發獨裁統治和人權危機。1950年代,全球進入冷戰時期,社會主義開始在拉丁美洲茁壯。左派代表人物如雨後春筍般冒出,我們常看到印在T-shirt 上的切·格瓦拉就是那時期左翼代表人物。
2000年時期,獨裁政權貪汙腐敗,人們紛紛視自由主義和資本主義為失敗的關鍵,加以摒棄,轉向計畫經濟,社會主義思想席捲拉丁美洲。當時雖然只有古巴是正紅色的社會主義國家,但周邊國家如玻利維亞、委內瑞拉、巴西都走向中間偏左的政治路線,所以又被稱為「粉紅浪潮」。
直到現在,拉丁美洲仍有許多國家在左右搖擺。社會主義在拉美還沒宣告失敗,但也不算穩固。無論是左是右,拉美都還在找尋自己的路。

Time: 1990 to date

Before the second world war, Latin America was long considered part of the United States’ backyard. The United States backed and sponsored right-wing military dictatorships. While this brought capitalism into the region, these authoritarian regimes committed many human rights violations. In the 1950s, the Cold War swept across the world. Socialism started to take root in Latin America. The number of left-wing politicians mushroomed. The famous left-wing Ernesto “Che” Guevara, a figure often printed on T-shirts, came from that period. 

In the 2000s, the corruption of these dictatorships was seen as a failure of capitalism, so some countries turned to socialism instead. Although Cuba was the only socialist country at that time, other countries such as Bolivia, Venezuela, and Brazil were all turning towards left-leaning governments. As red is often associated with the left and communistic regimes, the political wave was therefore called “the Pink Tide.” 

Even today, many countries in Latin America are still wavering between left and right. Socialism has not failed in Latin America, but it has not taken strong root, either. Be it left or right, Latin America is still finding its path. 

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