敘利亞內戰

2011年阿拉伯之春後,敘利亞國內的遜尼派武裝組織發起反政府運動,希望推翻什葉派的阿薩德政府。敘利亞內戰是中東最激烈的代理人戰爭之一。俄羅斯和伊朗出於不同戰略考量,都支援阿薩德。與反政府軍站在同一陣線的有美國、沙烏地阿拉伯、土耳其,以及敘利亞庫德族。
敘利亞內戰對俄烏戰爭有著關鍵性影響。軍事專家大多認為,俄羅斯在敘利亞內戰獲得的實戰經驗,使普丁認為俄軍可以如同在敘利亞內戰中扭轉局勢。殊不知烏克蘭軍隊實力比敘利亞反抗軍高上好幾倍,外界認為普丁將會調派在敘利亞內戰的俄軍支援俄烏戰場。若真如此,敘利亞內戰將會有兩個變化。一是阿薩德政權將更加依賴伊朗。二是少了俄軍維穩,反政府軍可能會更加積極進攻。無論是哪一個,對飽受戰火摧殘的敘利亞人民來說,都不會是好消息。
Date: 2011 to date
In the wake of the Arab Spring in 2011, the armed opposition Sunni rebel groups rose to overthrow the Shia-led Assad regime. Syria has become one of the most contested theaters of proxy war in the Middle East. To control Syrian military camps close to the Mediterranean Sea, Russia backed the Assad regime. Out of strategic concern for the Shia Crescent, Iran also chose to back Assad. Taking sides with the rebel groups are the United States, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and the Syrian Kurds. The civil war has lasted over a decade, leaving behind a death toll exceeding 380,000 and more than 200,000 missing. The war continues to rage on.