阿曼王國

位於阿拉伯半島東南沿海,為君主專制國家。原先,石油占總出口值高達65%,是政府財政重要來源。但一來全球都在擺脫石化產業,朝綠能發展;二來石油和天然氣其實並沒有提供阿曼太多工作機會,阿曼的青年失業率仍高達49%(2019年)。為了降低對石油的依賴,阿曼於2021年新成立「能源發展署」,同時促進旅遊業、製造業和科技等行業的就業,改善教育並實現國家經濟多元化。阿曼2021年的預算赤字相當嚴重,但政府積極削減開支,並減少補貼。雖然此舉引發國內罕見的抗議示威活動,但2022年的公共債務已經減少許多。阿曼與伊朗有著密切的政治和經濟聯繫,雙方在2022年簽署協議,預計在海上邊界開發兩條天然氣管道和一個油田。
看2022位於阿拉伯半島東南沿海,為君主專制國家,蘇丹兼任內閣首相和國防、外交和財政部長。經過上一任蘇丹喀布斯的改革,國家從經濟欠佳的沙漠王國轉為高收入經濟體。2019年石油和相關產業佔總出口值65.5%,但近年油價下跌,影響國家收入,新任蘇丹推行一系列政策,例如開始收5% 的增值稅、減少補助金、降低退休年齡等,同時削減政府預算。雖引發小規模抗議,但蘇丹地位尚不至於動搖,是海灣國家裏頭政局相較穩定的一個。
Year Founded: 1970
Situated on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, Oman is an absolute monarchy with its sultan serving as the prime minister and minister of Defense, Foreign Affairs and Finance at the same time. After the reform led by former Sultan, Qaboos bin Said al Said, the state has transformed from an economically underdeveloped desert kingdom to a high-income economy. In 2019, oil and other associated industries accounted for 65.5% of the total value of exports. Recent oil price cuts took a toll on Oman's national income. The new Sultan released a series of policies, such as levying a 5% additional value added tax, reduction of subsidies, lowering the threshold for retirement age and cutting back on the government budget. Despite small scale protests in the wake of these measures, the Sultan still has a firm grasp on the throne. The state enjoys relative political stability among Gulf countries.