納卡衝突
亞美尼亞和亞塞拜然兩國相鄰,卻各自有兩塊飛地在彼此國內,呈現「你中有我我中有你」的奇妙狀態。其中一塊位於亞塞拜然裡頭的納戈爾諾卡拉巴赫(簡稱納卡),名義上屬於亞塞拜然自治區,但實際由亞美尼亞人掌控。2020年再度爆發納卡戰爭,亞美尼亞由俄羅斯撐腰,亞塞拜然由土耳其幫忙,最終亞塞拜然占上風,亞美尼亞被迫簽訂停火條件,納卡區域由俄羅斯和土耳其的聯軍暫時管理。
結果2022年,風向變了。俄烏戰爭爆發,俄羅斯自顧不暇,歐盟順勢介入調停亞美尼亞和亞塞拜然。對雙亞而言,歐盟似乎是個比較老實的調停者。在歐盟的調停下,雙方同意在納卡和亞塞拜然西部飛地之間建造一個交通路線。這個路線將會重新連結亞美尼亞、亞塞拜然、伊朗和土耳其之間的鐵路。歐盟的加入使得和平協議變得具體,但雙亞之間仍有許多仇恨未解。就看接下來的談判有沒有進展了。
衝突方/
●亞塞拜然
支持者:土耳其
狀態:納卡脫離亞美尼亞的控制,由俄羅斯和土耳其託管。
●亞美尼亞
支持者:俄羅斯
狀態:2020 年衝突後失去納卡地區控制權。
亞美尼亞和亞塞拜然兩國相鄰,卻各自有兩塊飛地在彼此國內,呈現「你中有我我中有你」的奇妙狀態。其中一塊位於亞塞拜然裡頭的納戈爾諾卡拉巴赫(簡稱納卡),名義上屬於亞塞拜然自治區,但實際由亞美尼亞人掌控。1988年,納卡自治區的議會投票宣布和亞美尼亞共和國統一,亞塞拜然出兵壓制,引發第一次納卡戰爭。最後雙方在俄羅斯斡旋下簽署停火協議,整場戰爭造成近百萬人流離失所,但納卡的主權狀態幾乎沒有改變。
2020年,納卡地區戰事再起。亞美尼亞向俄羅斯求救,亞塞拜然則由同為伊斯蘭國家土耳其提供武力支援。經過六星期交鋒,超過5,000人陣亡,亞美尼亞宣布接受亞塞拜然的停火條件,但實為戰敗條款。自此亞美尼亞軍隊全數撤離納卡區域,納卡區域也將由俄羅斯和土耳其聯合掌管五年,直到恢復自治。亞美尼亞總理帕希米揚在隔年自請辭職。
Period: 1920s
The two neighboring countries of Armenia and Azerbaijan each have the same two enclaves in their respective national territories, a rather peculiar state. One such enclave is the region of Nagorno-Karabakh in Azerbaijan, which is officially recognized as part of the Azerbaijan Autonomous Region but is in fact ruled by the ethnic Armenians. In 1988, the council of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Region voted to unite with the Republic of Armenia. Azerbaijan sent troops into the region and thus set off the first Nagorno-Karabakh War. A peace deal was signed with mediation from Russia. The war caused the displacement of a million people yet sovereign control over the Nagorno-Karabakh region remained unchanged as a result of the conflict.
In 2020, war raged again in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh. Armenia sought help from Russia while Azerbaijan received military support from Islamic Turkey. After six weeks of war and over 5,000 people dead, Armenia accepted Azerbaijan’s ceasefire conditions, which was in fact a defeat. The Armenian army withdrew completely from the region of Nagorno-Karabakh with the area designated to remain under the joint custody of Russia and Turkey for 5 years until autonomy is restored. The Armenian Prime Minister Pashinyan resigned the following year.