波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納
簡稱波赫,由塞爾維亞人、克羅埃西亞人和波士尼亞人組成。1992年爆發內戰,1995年停火協議確立為一個由三個實體組成的國家:一個由波士尼亞人和克羅埃西亞人主導的波赫聯邦,以及一個由塞族管理的塞族共和國,最後是布爾奇科特區。然而他們之間並不融洽,塞族共和國背後更是得到俄羅斯的支持。這或許是為什麼波赫從2016年開始就申請加入歐盟,但2022年歐盟理事會僅通過烏克蘭和摩爾多瓦的候選國資格。雖然未來該國仍會以歐盟為主要外交方向,但在漫長的等待與挫折之外,波赫得趕緊尋求新的外交空間,並盡快解決國內的種族分歧問題。
看2022簡稱波赫,由塞爾維亞人、克羅埃西亞人和波士尼亞人組成。原為南斯拉夫聯邦成員,1992年獨立,但過程中爆發波士尼亞戰爭,以及慘絕人寰的雪布尼查大屠殺。戰爭結束後,境內分成兩個政治實體,波赫聯邦和賽族共和國。為求公平,政府領袖需由三個民族輪流擔任。目前正從計劃經濟轉型為市場經濟,人均GDP逐年緩步成長。
Year Founded: 1992
Abbreviated B&H, the country's population consists of Bosniaks, Serbs and Croats. It was a former member of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and became independent in 1992. However, following the declaration of independence, the Bosnian War broke out and the atrocity of the Srebrenica massacre took place. After the war, the country was divided into two entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska. To ensure fairness, members of the three ethnic groups take turns holding the government leadership position. The state is currently preparing to transition from a planned economy to a market economy as its GDP per capita grows slowly year by year.