● 遜尼派/Sunni
原意：遵循聖訓者
全球穆斯林占比：85%～90%
對哈里發的主張：有能力者就可以帶領伊斯蘭
國家分布：沙烏地阿拉伯、印度、埃及、印尼及其他
激進組織：蓋達組織、塔利班、哈瑪斯、伊斯蘭國(IS)等
● 什葉派/Shia
原意：追隨者
全球穆斯林占比：10%～15%
對哈里發的主張：和先知穆罕默德有血緣關係才能帶領伊斯蘭
國家分布：伊朗、伊拉克、亞塞拜然及其他
激進組織：真主黨、胡塞運動等
我們常聽到中東什葉派和遜尼派水火不容，也常聽到許多激進組織都信奉伊斯蘭教。其實不管是哪個派別都有激進組織，但那只是少數。大部分的穆斯林都專注實踐教義中良善修身的部分，例如不可殺人、偷竊、姦淫，或是富者要幫助貧者、強者幫助弱者等。僅有少數激進者投身政治。
平常什葉派和遜尼派的穆斯林也都可以當朋友， 甚至是結婚。所以記得把派別、國家和恐怖主義分開來看， 不是這個「國家是什葉派就很恐怖」、「那個國家是遜尼派就都是ISIS」。伊斯蘭教不可怕，可怕的是利用宗教操弄人心的有心者。
● Sunni
Original meaning: those who follow the Sunni religion
Representation in the global Muslim population: 85%～90%
On the eligibility of caliph: the Islamic leadership position can be assumed by those who are capable
Countries of distribution: Saudi Arabia, India, Egypt, Indonesia, etc.
Radical organizations: Al Qaeda, Taliban, Hamas, Islamic State (IS), etc.
● Shia
Original meaning: follower
Representation in global Muslim population: 10%～15%
On the eligibility of caliph: a caliph must be a descendant of Ali bin Abi Talib.
Countries of distribution: Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan, etc.
Radical organizations: Hezbollah, Houthi Movement, etc.
The extreme rivalry between the Shia and Sunni in the Middle East is anything but news to us. Currently, many radical organizations claim to practice Islam. In fact, radical organizations exist in every sect, but they are a rarity. Most Muslims focus on practicing the teachings of kindness and morals of their faith, such as no killing, stealing or adultery, and follow the doctrine that the rich and the capable should help the poor and the weak. Political radicals are a small minority.
It is common for Shia and Sunni Muslims to make friends or even get married. Sects, countries and terrorism are not synonymous. It’s wrong to accuse a country of exercising terrorism because it follows Shia or ISIS or simply because its Sunni. The real terror comes from those who manipulate people in the name of faith, not from the faith itself.
