成立時間/2001年
成員數量/8個成員國、4個觀察員國、6個對話夥伴

秘書長（國籍）/
弗拉迪米爾·諾羅夫 Vladimir Imamovich Norov（烏茲別克）
任期/ 2019.1.1至2021.12.31

創始國/中國、俄羅斯、哈薩克、吉爾吉斯、塔吉克、烏茲別克
會員國/巴基斯坦、印度
台灣身分/無

簡稱為「上合組織」，其總部設在北京，會以上海命名只是因為該組織標榜以「上海精神」作為相互關係的原則，在歐亞地區建立一個區域性對話組織，以應對共同的安全挑戰和威脅。威脅包含：恐怖主義、網路恐怖主義、分裂主義、極端主義、跨國組織犯罪、非法藥物販運。另外也開放貿易和其他領域的討論。
2017年印度和巴基斯坦加入後，上合組織成員國數量上升到8個，成員國經濟規模總合約占全球25%，人口則佔45%。特別的是，中印俄巴皆為擁核國，中國和俄羅斯還在聯合國安理會擁有否決權，所以也有人將上合組織視為中俄抗衡北約的工具，但官方強調絕對不是封閉的軍事政治集團，不能拿北約類比。普丁於2021年表示，目前有16個國家正排加入上合。但近幾年上合內部有許多矛盾關係，例如中俄搶當大哥、印巴齟齬、土耳其和俄羅斯不合等，使上合組織遲遲未能達成重要協議。

Year of Establishment: 2001

Simply referred to as the SCO, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization’s headquarters is based in Beijing. It was named after Shanghai simply because the organization flaunts “Shanghai spirit” as its principle of member relations. The SCO set up a regional organization for dialogue in the Eurasian region to respond to shared security challenges and threats. These threats include terrorism, cyber terrorism, separatism, extremism, transnational organized crime, and illicit drug trafficking. The organization is also open to discussions on trade and other topics. 

After India and Pakistan joined in 2017, the number of SCO members rose to eight, accounting for 25% of the global economy and 45% of the global population. What’s more, China, India, Russia and Pakistan are nuclear powers. China and Russia can even exercise veto power in the UN Security Council. Therefore, the SCO has been regarded as a counter-NATO tool for China and Russia even though the official statement emphasized that the organization is not a closed military and political group and denied the claim that it’s NATO’s counterpart. Putin revealed in 2021 that there are currently 16 countries waiting to join the SCO. However, discordance also exists among member states: China and Russia fight over leadership; bitter relations exist between India and Pakistan; Turkey and Russia don’t see eye to eye. As a result, the SCO has not yet reached any important agreements.